Descriptive vs. Prescriptive: Understanding Biblical Interpretation

When studying the Bible, it’s crucial to distinguish between descriptive and prescriptive passages:

• Descriptive: These passages describe events, people, or practices as they occurred in the past. They offer historical accounts, cultural contexts, or personal experiences. Descriptive passages tell us what happened, but not necessarily what we should do.
• Prescriptive: These passages give direct commands, moral instructions, or ethical guidelines. They tell us how we should live, behave, or believe. Prescriptive passages are often found in laws, proverbs, and teachings of Jesus and the apostles.

Relating to the Bible

The Bible contains both descriptive and prescriptive elements, and recognizing the difference is vital for proper interpretation. Here’s why:

1. Avoiding Misinterpretation: If we take descriptive passages as prescriptive, we might adopt practices or beliefs that were culturally specific or no longer relevant. For example, the Bible describes polygamy, slavery, and animal sacrifice in the Old Testament, but these are not meant to be practised today.
2. Applying Biblical Principles: While not all descriptions are prescriptive, they can still provide valuable insights into human nature, God’s character, and the consequences of choices. By understanding the historical and cultural context, we can glean timeless principles and apply them to our lives.
3. Identifying God’s Commands: Prescriptive passages are crucial for understanding God’s will and living a life that pleases Him. By obeying His commands, we show our love for Him and align ourselves with His purposes.

Example:

• Descriptive: The book of Acts describes the early church’s practice of sharing possessions and meeting together regularly. While these are inspiring examples, they aren’t necessarily mandates for every Christian community.
• Prescriptive: Jesus’ command to “love your neighbour as yourself” (Matthew 22:39) is a clear and universal ethical principle that applies to all believers.

In Summary:

By discerning between descriptive and prescriptive elements, we can interpret the Bible accurately, avoid misinterpreting cultural practices, and apply timeless principles to our lives. This understanding helps us to live in obedience to God’s commands and grow in our relationship with Him.