Esther Chapter 3:1-15 – The Rise of Haman and the Threat to the Jews

Commentary

Chapter 3 introduces us to a new character, Haman. He’s described as an “Agagite,” which links him to Agag, the king of the Amalekites, an enemy of the Israelites. This connection hints at Haman’s potential hostility towards Mordecai and the Jews.

King Xerxes promotes Haman to a high position, commanding everyone to bow before him. However, Mordecai refuses, creating tension. This refusal could be because of religious reasons (bowing could be seen as worshipping a human) or because of Haman’s lineage as an Agagite.

Haman, angered by Mordecai’s defiance, decides not only to punish Mordecai but to annihilate all Jews in the kingdom. He manipulates King Xerxes by playing on his fear of potential rebellion and convincing him that the Jews are a threat. Haman casts lots (purim) to choose a date for this horrific plan.

This chapter marks a turning point in the story. It introduces the conflict that Esther will have to face. The joy and celebration of the previous chapters are replaced with fear and impending doom. The fate of an entire people hangs in the balance.

Study Questions

1. Who is Haman, and why is his lineage significant? (Hint: Look at the term “Agagite” and its historical connection.)
2. Why do you think Mordecai refuses to bow to Haman? (Consider both religious and historical reasons.)
3. How does Haman manipulate King Xerxes? (Look at the language Haman uses to describe the Jews and his proposed solution.)
4. What is the significance of Haman casting lots (purim)? (Think about how this action adds to the suspense and foreshadows future events.)
5. How does this chapter change the tone of the story? (Compare the emotions in the previous chapters to those in this chapter.)
6. What do you think Esther should do when she finds out about Haman’s plan? (Consider her position as queen and her relationship with Mordecai.)

This chapter raises important themes of pride, prejudice, and the abuse of power. It also sets the stage for Esther’s bravery and faith in the chapters to come.